Camera and Lighting Techniques: How and why lighting affects camera techniques for moving image.

Lighting has developed in various methods since the beginning of moving image, "Lighting has nearly infinite permutations and variations" (Blain Brown, 2012, page 104). This also can effect the genre in which a 'said' moving image belongs to, an example of this would be lighting a romantic setting; where it is "made to look romantic, such as turning the lights down and make it candlelit with a soft focus coinciding" (Kurt Lancaster, 2013, page 215). There is more to the camera when setting up a shot alongside lighting, there has to be the right balance between positioning of the light, correct exposure and ISO settings, which can achieve a 'cinematic look' with DSLR cameras in particular "DSLR's maintain a strong advantage over small chip video cameras because of the capability to shoot in natural and practical low-light situations" (Kurt Lancaster, 2013, page 2013).

(Canon, 2018)

The image above discusses the variations between getting the correct exposure within photography/moving image in different lighting conditions. The image above is an example of the ISO at its lowest and ISO (presumably) at its highest. "As you start to increase a higher ISO, you introduce an increasing amount of digital noise" (Fotosiamo, 2012). There is a high amount of noise in ISO 25600, which could decrease quality of the picture through the grain shown, therefore it is most likely best to light indoors closer to the ISO 100 mark with more light sources for a 'cinematic look'. Aperture also controls how much light is let into the lens due to f/stops. A lower f/stop will grant a wider opening of the lens with a shallow depth of field and a higher f/stop will guarantee a narrow opening of the lens with a deep depth of field. "The bigger the hole (the larger the aperture), the more light reaches the sensor. The smaller the hole (the smaller the aperture), the less light reaches the sensor." (Greg Clayton). 

Shutter speed also takes a part in controlling light in moving image. This controls the amount of time for exposure. "A photo therefore doesn't just capture a moment in time, but instead represents an average of light over a timeframe. The term "shutter speed" is used to describe this duration." (Cambridge in Colour, 2005-2018).


Bibliography:
Brown (2008) Cinematography: Theory and Practice - Second Edition. The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, UK

Lancaster (2013) DSLR Cinema: Crafting the Film Look with Large Sensor Video Cameras. 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN, UK

Canon (2018) [online] Learn: Basic Manual Settings for Cool Visual Effects. http://www.canonoutsideofauto.ca/learn/

Fotosiamo (2012) [online] How ISO Affects Your Images. 
https://www.slrlounge.com/how-iso-affects-your-images/

Greg Clayton [online] Aperture Intro https://www.harding.edu/gclayton/photography/topics/005_aperture.html

Cambridge in Colour (2005-2018) [online] Using Camera Shutter Speed Creatively  https://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/camera-shutter-speed.htm